Crustacea
Crustacea atau kelompok udang-udangan dan kepiiting, merupakan subphylum dari phylum Arthropoda yang paling beranekaragam. Kelompok ini tersebar di berbagai macam habitat. Crustacea ditemukan pada perairan dangkal hingga laut dalam. Crustacea juga ditemukan hidup pada perairan tawar seperti danau, kolam, sungai, lahan basah, serta gua. Dari total 68.000 total spesies, hanya sekitar 15 % yang masih hidup hingga saat ini, sisanya berupa fosil. Crustacea dikelompokkan menjadi 4 kelas yaitu: Remipdia, Maxillopoda, Ostracoda, dan Malacostraca. Selain itu juga ada kelompok subkelas Copepoda (Thorp et al ., 2015).
Secara ekologis crustacea memiliki peran penting pada jaring-jaring makanan sebagai konsumen tersier hingga penduar ulang energi. Fase zooplankton dari Crustacea merupakan konsumen utama fitoplankton, berperan penting untuk transfer energi dari produsen tingkat pertama ke dalam jaring makanan. Secara ekonomis Crustacea banyak dimanfaatkan untuk bahan pangan, ada 3 kelompok utama produk perikanan dari Crustacea, yaitu: udang, kepiting, dan lobster (Penn et al ., 2019), yang banyak ditemukan di daerah pesisir seperti terumbu karang, padang lamun, mangrove, bebatuan dan pantai berpasir.
Referensi
Penn, W.P., N. Caputi, S.D. Lestang, D. Johnston, M. Kangas, dan J. Bopp. 2019. Crustacean Fisheries. Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences (Third Edition). 2: 324-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.09577-4. Thorp, J.H, D.C. Rogers, dan A.P. Covich. 2015. Introduction of Crustacea. Ecology and General Biology. 671-686
Crustacea Indonesia
Flora Fauna Laut Indonesia
Klasifikasi
Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-phylum : Crustacea Class : Malacostraca Order : Amphipoda Family : Caprellidae Species 1 : Caprella sp. – Skeleton Shrimp Species 2 : Liropus minusculus – Short Skeleton Shrimp – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-phylum : Crustacea Class : Malacostraca Order : Brachyura Family : Pilumnidae Species 3 : Zebrida adamsii – Zebra Crab – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-phylum : Crustacea Class : Malacostraca Order : Decapoda Family : Alpheidae Species 4 : Alpheus djeddensis – Snapping Shrimp – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-phylum : Crustacea Class : Malacostraca Order : Decapoda Family : Calappidae Species 5 : Calappa calappa – Box Crab – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-phylum : Crustacea Class : Malacostraca Order : Decapoda Family : Carpiliidae Species 6 : Carpilius maculatus – Spotted Crab – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-phylum : Crustacea Class : Malacostraca Order : Decapoda Family : Coenobitidae Species 7 : Birgus latro – Coconut Crab – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-phylum : Crustacea Class : Malacostraca Order : Decapoda Family : Diogenidae Species 8 : Calcinus minutus – White Hermit Crab Species 9 : Dardanus megistos – Red Hermit Crab Species 10 : Dardanus pedunculatus – Anemone Hermit Crab Species 11 : Dardanus sp .– Hermit Crab – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-phylum : Crustacea Class : Malacostraca Order : Decapoda Family : Dromiidae Species 12 : Lauridromia dehaani – Decorator Crab – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-phylum : Crustacea Class : Malacostraca Order : Decapoda Family : Enoplometopidae Species 13 : Enoplometopus holthuisi – Reef Lobster – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-phylum : Crustacea Class : Malacostraca Order : Decapoda Family : Epialtidae Species 14 : Hoplophrys oatesii – Candy Crab Species 15 : Hyastenus borradailei – Hydroids Crab Species 16 : Xenocarcinus depressus – Gorgonian Crab – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-phylum : Crustacea Class : Malacostraca Order : Decapoda Family : Galatheidae Species 17 : Allogalathea elegans – Gorgonian Squat Lobster Species 18 : Lauriea siagiani – Barrel Sponge Squat Lobster – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-phylum : Crustacea Class : Malacostraca Order : Decapoda Family : Hippolytidae Species 19 : Lysmata amboinensis – Ambon Cleaner Shrimp Species 20 : Thor amboinensis – Sexy Shrimp – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-phylum : Crustacea Class : Malacostraca Order : Decapoda Family : Hymenoceridae Species 21 : Phyllognathia ceratophthalma – Spiny Tiger Shrimp – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-phylum : Crustacea Class : Malacostraca Order : Decapoda Family : Inachidae Species 22 : Achaeus japonicus – Orang-Utan Crab Species 23 : Camposcia retusa – Spider Decorator Crab – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-phylum : Crustacea Class : Malacostraca Order : Decapoda Family : Majidae Species 24 : Cyclocoeloma tuberculate – Decorator Crab Species 25 : Cyclocoeloma sp – Softcoral Decorator Crab Species 26 : Cyclocoeloma sp – Sponge Decorator Crab – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-phylum : Crustacea Class : Malacostraca Order : Decapoda Family : Palaemonidae Species 27 : Ancylomenes venustus – Graceful Anemone Shrimp Species 28 : Hymenocera picta – Harlequin Shrimp Species 29 : Laomenes amboinensis – Ambon Crinoid Shrimp Species 30 : Laomenes cornutus – Crinoid Shrimp Species 31 : Periclimenes brevicarpalis – Glass Anemone Shrimp Species 32 : Periclimenes holthuisi – Anemone Shrimp Species 33 : Periclimenes imperator – Emperor Shrimp Species 34 : Periclimenes kororensis – Mushroom Coral Shrimp Species 35 : Periclimenes soror – Starfish Shrimp Species 36 : Periclimenes psamathe – Seafan Shrimp Species 37 : Pliopontonia furtiva – Disc Anemone Shrimp Species 38 : Pontonides unciger – Whip Coral Shrimp Species 39 : Vir euphyllius – Anchor Coral Shrimp – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-phylum : Crustacea Class : Malacostraca Order : Decapoda Family : Palinuridae Species 40 : Panulirua penicillatus – Pronghorn Spiny Lobster Species 41 : Panulirus ornatus – Ornate Spiny Lobster Species 42 : Panulirus versicolor – Painted Spiny Lobster – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-phylum : Crustacea Class : Malacostraca Order : Decapoda Family : Porcellanidae Species 43 : Neopetrolisthes maculate – Spotted Porcelain Crab Species 44 : Porcellanella triloba – Painted Porcelain Crab – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-phylum : Crustacea Class : Malacostraca Order : Decapoda Family : Portunidae Species 45 : Lissocarcinus orbicularis – Red Spotted White Species 46 : Lupocyclus philippinensis – TRUE Crab Species 47 : Portunus pelagicus – Swimming Crab – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-phylum : Crustacea Class : Malacostraca Order : Decapoda Family : Processidae Species 48 : Processa edulis – Nika Shrimp – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-phylum : Crustacea Class : Malacostraca Order : Decapoda Family : Rhynchocinetidae Species 49 : Rhynchocinetes durbanensis – Camel Shrimp – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-phylum : Crustacea Class : Malacostraca Order : Decapoda Family : Scyllaridae Species 50 : Parribacus antarcticus – Sculptured Mitten Lobster Species 51 : Scyllarides haanii – Humpbacked Slipper Lobster – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-phylum : Crustacea Class : Malacostraca Order : Decapoda Family : Stenopodidae Species 52 : Stenopus hispidus – Banded Cleaner Shrimp – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-phylum : Crustacea Class : Malacostraca Order : Decapoda Family : Trapeziidae Species 53 : Trapezia rufopunctata – Trapezia Crab – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-phylum : Crustacea Class : Malacostraca Order : Decapoda Family : Xanthidae Species 54 : Etisus splendidus – Splendid Spooner Species 55 : Lophozozymus Pictor – Mosaic Reef Crab Species 56 : Lybia tessellate – Boxing Crab Species 57 : Zosimus maculatus – Spotted Red Crab – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-phylum : Crustacea Class : Malacostraca Order : Isopoda Family : Cymothoidae Species 58 : Nerocila orbignyi – Fish Fleas – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-phylum : Crustacea Class : Malacostraca Order : Stomatopoda Family : Gonodactylidae Species 59 : Gonodactylus platysoma – Mantis Shrimp – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-phylum : Crustacea Class : Malacostraca Order : Stomatopoda Family : Lysiosquillidae Species 60 : Lysiosquilla lisa – Mantis Shrimp Species 61 : Lysiosquilla maculate – Mantis Shrimp Species 62 : Lysiosquilla mapia – Mantis Shrimp – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-phylum : Crustacea Class : Malacostraca Order : Stomatopoda Family : Odontodactylidae Species 63 : Odontodactylus scylla – Mantis Shrimp – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-phylum : Crustacea Class : Maxillopoda Order : Pedunculata Family : Lepadidae Species 64 : Lepas anatifera – Goose Neck Barnacle – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-phylum : Chelicerata Class : Pycnogonida Order : Pantopoda Family : Ammotheidae Species 65 : Nymphopsis sp – Sea Spider – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
